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Stephen Paulus
Stephen Paulus (August 24, 1949 – October 19, 2014) was a Grammy nominated American composer, best known for his operas and choral music. His best-known piece is his 1982 opera ''The Postman Always Rings Twice'', one of several operas he composed for the Opera Theatre of St. Louis, which prompted ''The New York Times'' to call him "a young man on the road to big things".〔() Henahan, Donal, "The Postman Always Rings Twice in St. Louis." ''New York Times'', June 20th 1982. (Accessed 15 December 2006).〕 His style is essentially tonal, and melodic and romantic by nature.〔() Kirk, Elise, "Stephen Paulus", ''Grove Music Online'', ed. L. Macy. (Accessed 15 December 2006)〕 He received grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and Guggenheim Foundation and won the prestigious Kennedy Center Friedheim Prize. He was commissioned by such notable organizations as the Minnesota Opera, the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center, Opera Theatre of Saint Louis, the Saint Louis Chamber Chorus, the American Composers Orchestra, the Dale Warland Singers, the Harvard Glee Club and the New York Choral Society.〔() Composer biography, from his web site (Accessed 15 December 2006)〕 Paulus was a passionate advocate for the works and careers of his colleagues. He co-founded the American Composers Forum in 1973, the largest composer service organization in the U.S., and served as the Symphony and Concert Representative on the ASCAP Board of Directors from 1990 until his death (from complications following a stroke in July 2013) in 2014.〔()〕
==Biography==
Paulus was born in Summit, New Jersey, but the family moved to Minnesota when he was two.〔McLellan, Joseph. ("On Center Stage: The Neoromantics" ), ''The Washington Post'', October 29, 2008. Accessed February 19, 2011. "Coincidentally or not, all four of this year's finalists were born on the East Coast, though Stephen Paulus (represented by his Violin Concerto) has spent his career in Minneapolis. Paulus was one of the three Friedheim finalists born in the New York area-Summit, N.J. (Rochberg ) was born in Paterson, N.J., in 1918 and Joan Tower, composer of 'Silver Ladders,' was born in New Rochelle in 1938."〕 After graduating from Alexander Ramsey High School in Roseville, MN, he attended the University of Minnesota, where he studied with Paul Fetler and eventually earned the Ph.D. in composition in 1978. By 1983, he was named the Composer-in-Residence at the Minnesota Orchestra, and in 1988 he was also named to the same post at the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, whose then-conductor Robert Shaw commissioned numerous choral works from Paulus for Shaw's eponymous vocal ensemble. After the premiere of his second opera, ''The Postman Always Rings Twice'', he began a fruitful collaboration with the Opera Theatre of St. Louis that would result in four more operas.〔
In a career which encompassed more than forty years of composition his output came to include over 450 works for chorus, orchestra, chamber ensemble, opera, solo voice, piano, guitar, organ, and band. Paulus lived in the Twin Cities area.
On July 4, 2013, Paulus suffered a stroke. He died from medical complications on October 19, 2014.〔() Combs, Marianne, "Composer Stephen Paulus suffered stroke, in critical condition." ''Minnesota Public Radio'', July 9, 2013. (Accessed 11 July 2013).〕〔()〕 He was 65.
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